Toward the palm of the hand, the nail bed thickens to form the nail matrix which is the growing part of the nail. A nail is a hornlike keratinous envelope covering the tips of the fingers and toes in most primates. Structure and function of skin, hair and nails sciencedirect. Hair also has a sensory function due to sensory innervation by a hair root plexus surrounding the base of each hair follicle. The assessment of hearing, speech and vision are also measurements of an individuals function in. Skeletal, muscular, and integumentary systems 909 organs and organ systems an organ consists of various tissues that work together to carry out a specific function.
Identify bacterial skin infections that are potentially contagious. Institution, has been in existence for minimum of 5 years and imparting 1 year certificate diploma in. Skin is glabrous or nonhairbearing on the palms and soles, whereas hairbearing skin covers the rest of the body. Biotin is synthesized by bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Request pdf structure and function of skin, hair and nails the skin is the largest organ of the human body. Describe the structure and function of sweat glands and. How skin is nourished the blood supplies nutrients, molecules from food such as protein, carbohydrates, and fats, to the skin. It is also produced in small amounts in the human large intestine. Neoplasms integumentary disorders hair and hair follicles, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, oral mucous membranes oral disease. Lecture notes dermatology pdf 11th edition free download. Grade k grade 1 grade 2 grade 3 grade 4 grade 5 grade 6 grade 7 grade 8 grade 912 integumentary system skin skin, hair, nails describe the function of the skin e. The integumentary system is formed by the skin and its derivative structures see figure 11. The layers are packed very closely together with fat but very little water content. Functions of the integumentary system protection from the environmentthe skin is the.
Along with the skin, the integumentary system includes the nails and hair. She often writes about the scientific basis of disease. The skin, hair and nails layers of skin common integument refers to skin and subcutaneous tissue, hair, nails, and breast. What are the cellular components of the hypodermis.
The squamous layer is composed of a variety of cells that differ in shape, structure, and subcellular properties depending on their location. The structure of hair even though it seems like one complete structure, hair is actually made up of a number of different components. Structure and function of skin, hair and nails request pdf. Vitamin function food sources symptom of deficiency excess. Covers the function and structure of hair and nails. Pdf structure and function of skin, hair and nails joey lai. Lymph bathes skin cells, removes toxins and cellular waste, and has immune functions. Diagnosis and management of common nail disorders john montgomery yost, md, mph june 18, 2017 director, nail disorder clinic clinical assistant professor of dermatology.
Describe the structure and function of hair and nails. This diagram shows a cross section of the skin containing a hair follicle. Hair is extremely sensitive to air movement or other disturbances in the environment, much more so than the skin surface. Hair of the eyebrows prevents sweat and other particles from dripping into and bothering the eyes. The integumentary system includes hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails. Physical assessment examination study guide page 1 of 39. Structure and function of skin biology for majors ii read pdf anatomy and human movement structure and function e. Describe the correct hygiene practices to use to avoid fungal infections. The integumentary system is a fancy word that encompasses the skin and all of the tissues that form out of the skin, such as nails, hair, and some glands. Explain what you can do to help keep your skin healthy. Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough protective protein called alphakeratin which is found in the hooves, hair, claws and horns of vertebrates. The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendages acting to protect the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or damages from outside. Nails grow by mitosis or cell division from beneath the lunula and root.
The outermost level, the epidermis, consists of a specific constellation of cells known as keratinocytes, which function to synthesize. What is the main function of both skeletal and muscular systems. These structures embryologically originate from the epidermis and. When you observed the skin model and the histological slide of skin you were required to identify the structures found in the dermis that extend into the overlying epidermis and are involved in temperature regulation.
These originate embryologically from the epidermis and include hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. Accessory structures of the skin include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. All are important in the skins key functions, including protection, thermoregulation and its sensory roles. The organs of the integumentary system include the skin and its accessory structures including hair, nails, and glands, as well as blood vessels, muscles and nerves dermatology is the medical specialty for the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the integumentary system. Forms the bodys outer covering and protects the body from chemicals, disease, uv light and physical damage 6. Vitamin function food sources symptom of deficiency symptom of excess. As cells multiply and make keratin to harden the structure, theyre pushed up the follicle and through the skins surface as a shaft of hair. It has very rich supply of blood and lymph vessels to keep nail healthy. Skin papillary dermis wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The stomach, a saclike organ in which food is mixed with digestive enzymes, is composed of the four types of. Tcss 7th grade science organization of living things content map tcss 7th grade life science document last changed. These keratins can be classified into two distinct groups hard and soft based on their.
Keratin is a fibrous protein that forms hair and nails as well as being present in skin. Explain the structure and function of the skin and identify the lesions that result from skin abnormalities. The krt6a gene provides instructions for making a protein called keratin 6a or k6a. Now in its 11th edition, it has been thoroughly updated to focus on recent advances in the knowledge of skin diseases and their. Lancour national rules committee chairman life science the integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, the subcutaneous tissue below the skin, and assorted glands. Each of these six components has a specific function, and if a component of the nail structure is disrupted, the nail can look abnormal.
Basic science structure and function of a rete ridges melanocytes hair follicle skin, hair and nails b dermal blood vessels joey e laicheong john a mcgrath abstract the skin is the largest organ of the human body. Physiology of the skin, quiz 1 now you know the parts of the skin, learn how they function. The anatomy of bones, quiz 1 learn the anatomy of a human long bone. A comprehensive 83slide powerpoint presentation that introduces the structure and function of the integumentary system, including the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, hair, nails, and skin glands.
This article, the first in a twopart series on the skin, looks at its structure and function. Hair also has a sensory function due to sensory innervation by a hair root plexus. Skin lecture objectives describe the functions of skin. Nurses observe the skin of their patients daily and it is important they understand the skin so they can recognise problems when they arise. Accessory structures of the skin anatomy and physiology. Structure of hair and follicle longitudinal section hair follicle papilla access for blood supply hair root bulb epithelial cells that surround the papilla matrix epithelial cells, melanocytes cell division produces the hair fiber rapidly dividing cells hair shaft above skin surface cells packed with. The skin cutis provides a waterproof and protective covering for the body, contains sensory nerve endings, and aids in the regulation of temperature.
The hair and nail are skin appendages that share with the skin a common origin from the ectoderma layer. Biochemical and metabolic functions aids in maintaining blood sugar. Detail how they achieve that temperature regulation. Functions of the integumentary system protection against injury and infection regulates body temperature sensory perception regulates water loss chemical synthesis protection covers and protects the. The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands and their products. Keratins are a group of tough, fibrous proteins that form the structural framework of certain cells, particularly cells that make up the skin, hair, nails, and similar tissues. Accessory structures of the skin include hair, skin glands, and nails. The function of the nail bed is to supply nourishment and protection. Accessory structures of the skin anatomy and physiology i.
Accessory structures of the skin include hair, nails, sweat glands, and. The stratum corneum also helps against the penetration of irritants and other allergens that can cause skin inflammation, such as in dermatitis. In structure, it consists of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, the subcutaneous tissue below the skin, and assorted glands. Describe the structure, location and function of the cell types found in epidermis. This disorder is a rare form of ectodermal dysplasia, a group of about 150 conditions characterized by abnormal development of ectodermal tissues including the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. The hair follicle is a small pocket just below the skin surface surrounded by nerves and, when healthy, a supply of rich nutrientfilled blood. Nails are similar to claws, which are found on numerous other animals. Suitable for high school biology, ap anatomy courses, and science olympiad. In contrast, the hair and nails do not contain keratohyaline granules, and the. The anatomy of muscle, quiz 1 how much do you know about the anatomy of a the different muscle types. In common usage, the word nail often refers to the nail plate only. Basic science structure and function of a rete ridges melanocytes hair follicle skin, hair and nails b dermal blood vessels joey e laicheong john a. Dna structure the electrons in dna absorb uv radiation and converts it to heat.
Structure of nails function of nails anatomy of nails. Tcss 7th grade science organization of living things. It is a complex epithelial and mesenchymal tissue comprising a multilayered stratified epidermis, adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands, a dermis containing collagen and elastic fibres, and underlying subcutaneous fat. The layer where the skin is thick, such as the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, is 10 12. Nutrients are required for cell life, repair, and growth. Anatomy and physiology of the skin 3 or stratum spinosum murphy, 1997. The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, the subcutaneous tissue below the skin, and assorted.
To make a skin sensitivity card, you will need 2 3x5 index cards, 4 toothpicks cut in half, tape, elmers glue, and a ruler. Organ structure and function, including barrier function, thermal regulation. Pdf structure and function of skin, hair and nails. At the boundary between the epidermis and dermis are fingerlike projecting structures the dermal papillae that project into the overlying tis sue the epidermis fig. Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough protein called keratin, as are animals hooves and horns. This article, the second in a twopart series, looks at the structure and function of the main accessory structures of the skin. Keratin 6a is produced in the nails, the skin on the palms of the. Linda crampton is a writer and teacher with a first class honors degree in biology. Describe in detail how skin trauma occurs, how it may be prevented, and how it may be managed. Describe the structure and function of the hypodermis. This is the portion of skin upon which the nail plate rests.
Several mutations in the krt14 gene have been found to cause naegelifranceschettijadassohn syndromedermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis nfjsdpr. Function of skin, hair and nails skin provides a physical barrier against the external environment and helps reduce water loss by means of the waterimpermeable stratum corneum. The keratin and keratinderived ingredients detailed in this report function mainly as skin and hair. Hair follicle model labeled bing images skin anatomy. It is often referred to as is the largest organ of the body. They fulfil important protective and cosmetic physiologic function. Outline the structure and functions of hair and nails. The nail plate is composed of layers of keratinized skin cells. Skin, hair, and nails for parents nemours kidshealth. The integumentary system chapter 1 the integumentary system lesson objectives list organs of the integumentary system describe the two layers of the skin.
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